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Allergies and Dry Eyes, Are they different?
During the spring, for those that have watery, itchy eyes, it may be hard to tell the difference between allergies and dry eye syndrome (DES), since both have similar symptoms.
Facts About Allergies
When the body’s immune system reacts to a foreign substance, such as pollen, an allergic reaction occurs. A few allergy sufferers react so strongly that they may get a rash, break out in hives, have trouble breathing, or even suffer an asthma attack.
Unfortunately, there is currently no cure for allergies. Prevention and treatment make allergies manageable. With more than 50 million U.S. residents experiencing some type of allergic reaction every year, it is not wondered that allergies are the 6th leading cause of chronic illness in America and costs residents over $18 million per year in treatments.
Symptoms of Spring Allergies
Some common symptoms of allergies include:
- Itchy eyes
- Stinging or burning in or around the eyes
- Runny nose and watery discharge from the eyes
- Redness
- Sensitivity to light
- Swollen eyelids
Pollen and mold are responsible for most allergies. Others are allergic to animal dander or dust mites.
Indoor and Outdoor Allergies
There are two different types of allergies: indoor and outdoor. Whether a person suffers from one or both, sinus swelling, seasonal allergies, hay fever, or nasal allergies are all common. Triggers for outdoor allergies include tree, grass, and weed pollen, and mold spores; while indoor allergies are commonly caused by dust mites, cockroaches, and cat or dog dander.
Allergic rhinitis, often referred to as hay fever, affects 20 million adults and over 6 million children.
Conventional Treatment Options for Dry Eyes Due to Allergies
When a person suffers from allergies, the most common treatment prescribed is anti-histamines. However, the cure for allergies causes the problem of dry eyes. Another treatment option is decongestant eye drops. These drops are applied directly to the surface of the eyes and cause the blood vessels in the eyes to constrict returning them from red to white.
However, eye drops do not address the cause of the problem, lead to dependency on the drops, and can even cause the eye to dry out. Anti-inflammatory eye drops are yet another treatment option. These drops come in a non-steroidal and steroidal version. The non-steroidal drops sooth allergy eyes, but do not address the underlying issue of dry eyes.
Steroidal drops have been known to increase inner eye pressure, which can lead to optic nerve damage, glaucoma, or even cataracts.
Facts About Dry Eye Syndrome
Dry eye syndrome (DES) occurs when the protective covering of tears that cover they eye’s surface are inadequate. It is estimated that dry eye syndrome affects millions of adults in the U.S. with the number climbing every year.
Older adults and women have a higher chance of developing dry eyes. A healthy eye is covered with lubricating basal tears. Tears are made up of a mixture of oils, water, mucus, and thousands of different proteins that protect the surface of the eyes.
These tears constantly wash the cornea of the eye. Every time a person blinks, the basal tears flow across the top layer of the eye providing a layer of protection from dust, dirt, pollen, and other airborne irritants. The tears come from glands located above and around the eyes. If these glands are not producing enough basal tears, dry eye syndrome can occur.
Changes in vision and the overall health of the eye becomes compromised.
Symptoms of Dry Eyes
Some common symptoms of dry eyes include:
- A gritty feeling in the eye, similar to a piece of sand
- Stinging or burning in the eyes
- Stringy discharge that comes from the eyes
- Reflex tearing – excessive watering of the eyes after periods of dryness
- Redness
- Eye pain
- Blurry vision
- Eyelids that feel heavy
Menopause, autoimmune diseases, such as lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis can cause dry eye syndrome. Certain medicines can also reduce tear secretion, such as high blood pressure medication, decongestants, or antihistamines, sleeping pills, anti-anxiety medications, or pain relievers.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do you know if it’s dry eye or allergies?
Can allergy eye drops help dry eyes?
What can be mistaken for dry eyes?
How can you tell the difference between a dry eye and an eye infection?
Conclusion
Dry eyes tended to be more severe with the presence of allergic conjunctivitis; the more allergens present, the more severe the dry eyes. More attention should be paid to the treatment of patients with dry eyes accompanied by allergies.
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